What Can Dogs Eat and Not Eat?
As dog owners, we often want to spoil our furry friends with delicious treats, but it's crucial to know what can dogs eat and not eat. Dogs have different dietary needs and sensitivities compared to humans, and some foods we eat every day can be dangerous to them. In this guide, we'll dive deep into what's safe and what could be harmful, providing you with a complete understanding of how to keep your canine companions healthy and happy.
Table of Contents
Safe Foods for Dogs
What Can Dogs Eat and Not Eat? Medical Research and Statistics
Medical research from top veterinary schools, including UC Davis and Cornell University, highlights the importance of selecting appropriate foods for dogs, as their digestive systems differ from humans.
Safe options for dogs include lean meats, certain vegetables, and select fruits, which offer essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and fiber. Studies show that lean meats provide necessary amino acids for muscle development, while dog-safe vegetables such as carrots and green beans are beneficial for fiber intake and overall health.
About 70% of pet owners reported improvements in their dogs’ energy and coat condition when feeding these approved foods, according to a 2020 survey from Cornell’s College of Veterinary Medicine.
Conversely, research emphasizes that certain human foods pose serious health risks to dogs.
Foods such as chocolate, grapes, onions, and avocados contain compounds that can lead to poisoning or digestive upset. A 2019 report from the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center indicated that nearly 25% of dog poisoning cases were due to accidental ingestion of these toxic foods.
The University of Florida found that even a small amount of chocolate could cause adverse reactions, especially in smaller dog breeds.
Dangerous Foods for Dogs
Can Dogs Eat Raw Foods?
Raw Meat and Bones
Some owners advocate for a raw diet for their dogs, but it comes with risks. Raw meat can contain harmful bacteria like salmonella or E. coli, which can make your dog sick. Bones, especially cooked ones, can splinter and cause choking or internal injuries.
While raw eggs can provide protein and other nutrients, they also pose a risk of bacterial infections. Additionally, raw egg whites contain avidin, an enzyme that can interfere with the absorption of biotin, a B vitamin important for your dog’s skin and coat health.
Dog Treats: What’s Safe and What’s Not
When it comes to treats, it's important to choose wisely. Store-bought dog treats are generally safe if they are specifically made for dogs. However, human snacks like chips, cookies, or processed meats should be avoided due to high salt, sugar, and fat content, which can lead to obesity and other health problems.
Allergies and Food Sensitivities in Dogs
Just like humans, dogs can have allergies or food sensitivities. Common allergens include beef, chicken, wheat, and dairy. Symptoms of food allergies in dogs can include itching, digestive upset, or ear infections. If you suspect your dog has a food allergy, consult your vet for advice on an elimination diet.
Feeding Guidelines: How Much and How Often
The amount and frequency of feeding depend on your dog's age, size, and activity level. Puppies require more frequent meals, while adult dogs typically eat twice a day. Always follow portion guidelines from your vet or pet food manufacturer and adjust based on your dog’s weight and energy needs.
Understanding what foods are safe or dangerous for dogs is crucial for maintaining their health and well-being. While some human foods are safe for dogs, others can be toxic or even fatal. Let’s explore in-depth the foods dogs can and cannot eat, focusing on human foods that are both beneficial and harmful to our canine companions.
Top 20 Human Foods Dogs Can Eat
What Human Food Can Dogs Eat?
There are many human foods that are safe for dogs and can even be beneficial. Some of these foods include:
Foods Dogs Can't Eat Chart
Here is a summary of foods dogs should avoid:
- Chocolate
- Grapes & Raisins
- Onions & Garlic
- Avocados
- Alcohol
- Xylitol
- Caffeine
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Vomiting, Diarrhea, Seizures, Death
- Kidney Failure
- Anemia, Lethargy, Weakness
- Vomiting, Diarrhea
- Vomiting, Breathing Problems, Coma
- Hypoglycemia, Liver Failure, Death
- Rapid Breathing, Restlessness, Tremors
What Meat Can Dogs Eat?
Here’s a deeper look at each type of meat that dogs can eat:
Chicken is a popular, lean protein source for dogs. It's rich in essential amino acids that help support muscle development and repair. Chicken is also high in vitamins B6 and B12, which play a role in energy metabolism and red blood cell production. It's easy to digest, making it a good option for dogs with sensitive stomachs. Always remove the bones, as cooked bones can splinter and cause internal injuries. The skin, which is high in fat, should also be removed to avoid gastrointestinal issues or obesity.
Like chicken, turkey is a lean meat and an excellent source of high-quality protein. It contains essential amino acids and is lower in fat than red meats, making it a good option for dogs that need to lose weight or maintain lean muscle mass. Turkey is rich in nutrients such as zinc and selenium, which support immune function and metabolism. As with chicken, it’s crucial to remove the bones and skin, and avoid any seasonings, which can be harmful to dogs.
Beef provides high-quality protein, iron, zinc, and B-vitamins, which are essential for maintaining healthy blood, immune function, and energy levels. Beef is more calorie-dense than chicken or turkey, so it should be fed in moderation to avoid excess weight gain, especially for less active dogs. Cooked, unseasoned beef is safe for dogs, but fatty cuts can lead to gastrointestinal upset or pancreatitis, so lean cuts like ground beef (with low fat content) or sirloin are better options.
Lamb is a good source of high-quality protein and healthy fats. It also contains important minerals like zinc, selenium, and iron, as well as B-vitamins. Because lamb is higher in fat than chicken or turkey, it’s best given in moderation, especially for dogs prone to obesity or pancreatitis. Some dogs with allergies to other proteins (like chicken or beef) tolerate lamb well, making it a good alternative protein source.
Pork is safe for dogs when thoroughly cooked, but it should always be served plain and unseasoned. Raw or undercooked pork can contain parasites like trichinosis, which are dangerous for dogs. Pork is higher in fat compared to other meats, so it should be given sparingly, especially to dogs with weight issues. Lean cuts, like pork loin, are better options than fattier cuts like bacon, which can lead to pancreatitis or digestive problems.
Fish like salmon and whitefish are excellent sources of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which promote healthy skin and a shiny coat. Omega-3s also have anti-inflammatory properties and can benefit dogs with arthritis or joint issues. Fish should always be cooked to avoid parasites, and bones should be removed to prevent choking or internal damage. Avoid seasoning, and limit fish to once or twice a week to prevent any potential mercury buildup.
Duck is a protein-rich option that is higher in fat compared to chicken or turkey. It is particularly flavorful, which many dogs enjoy, but the higher fat content means it should be fed in moderation, especially to dogs that are prone to weight gain or pancreatitis. Duck is a good source of iron, zinc, and B-vitamins. As with other meats, it should be cooked without seasoning and bones removed.
What Meat Can Dogs Not Eat?
When it comes to feeding dogs, not all types of meat are equally safe or nutritious. While most meats, when properly prepared, can be a healthy part of a dog’s diet, there are some meats or ways of preparing meat that can pose health risks. Below is an explanation of the types of meat that dogs should not eat, along with the potential dangers associated with them.
Feeding raw or undercooked meat to dogs can carry significant risks because of the presence of harmful bacteria and parasites. While some dog owners choose to follow raw diets (known as BARF diets), there are risks that must be understood:
- Bacterial Infections: Raw meat can be contaminated with harmful bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria. These bacteria can cause severe gastrointestinal issues in dogs, including vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. In some cases, these infections can lead to serious complications like dehydration or even death.
- Parasites: Raw meat may also carry parasites like Toxoplasma gondii (which causes toxoplasmosis), Trichinella spiralis (responsible for trichinosis), or tapeworms. These parasites can infect your dog and cause long-term health issues, ranging from digestive problems to organ damage.
Meats that are high in fat, such as bacon, pork belly, or heavily marbled cuts of beef, can be dangerous for dogs when consumed in large amounts. The main concerns are:
- Pancreatitis: Fatty meats can cause inflammation of the pancreas, a condition known as pancreatitis. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, it disrupts digestion and can cause a range of serious symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Pancreatitis can be a life-threatening condition, and dogs that suffer from it often require immediate veterinary care.
- Obesity: Excess fat in a dog’s diet contributes to weight gain, which can lead to obesity. Obesity in dogs increases the risk of developing a host of other health problems, including diabetes, joint problems, and heart disease.
Processed meats, such as hot dogs, sausages, deli meats, and bacon, are not safe for dogs due to their high levels of salt, preservatives, and additives. Processed meats can cause several health issues:
- High Sodium Levels: Processed meats contain excessive amounts of salt, which can lead to sodium ion poisoning in dogs. Symptoms of salt poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, excessive thirst, lethargy, and in severe cases, tremors, seizures, or death.
- Preservatives and Additives: Many processed meats contain preservatives such as nitrates and nitrites, which are added to improve shelf life and appearance. These chemicals are not healthy for dogs and can be toxic over time. Additionally, artificial flavors and other additives can irritate a dog’s stomach and contribute to long-term health problems, including cancer.
- Fat Content: Like fatty meats, processed meats are often high in fat. This can lead to pancreatitis, obesity, and other metabolic problems.
Other Meats to Avoid or Be Cautious About
Cooked bones, particularly from poultry like chicken or turkey, become brittle and can easily splinter when chewed. These splinters can cause:
- Choking: Splintered bones can lodge in a dog’s throat or esophagus, leading to choking.
- Gastrointestinal Perforation: Sharp bone fragments can pierce the stomach or intestines, causing serious internal injuries that may require emergency surgery.
- Obstruction: Large bone pieces can cause blockages in the digestive system, leading to discomfort, vomiting, and the need for medical intervention.
While plain meat is generally safe, meats that have been seasoned with spices, garlic, onions, or other flavorings can be harmful. Some of the most dangerous seasonings include:
- Garlic and Onion: These are toxic to dogs and can cause hemolytic anemia, a condition in which the red blood cells are destroyed. Symptoms of garlic or onion poisoning include weakness, lethargy, and discolored urine.
- Spicy Foods: Spicy foods can irritate a dog’s digestive system, leading to stomach upset, vomiting, or diarrhea.
While many dogs enjoy the taste of wild game, such as venison or rabbit, untreated or improperly handled wild game can carry parasites, bacteria, or diseases like trichinosis or toxoplasmosis. These meats should be thoroughly cooked to ensure any harmful pathogens are eliminated.
Are All Nuts Bad for Dogs?
Not all nuts are bad for dogs, but many nuts pose health risks, and it’s essential to know which are safe and which can be harmful. Here’s an in-depth breakdown of nuts that dogs should avoid, as well as the ones that are considered safe in moderation.
Unsafe Nuts for Dogs
Macadamia nuts are highly toxic to dogs. Even small amounts can cause serious health problems. Symptoms of macadamia nut poisoning include:
- Vomiting
- Weakness
- Tremors
- Increased body temperature
- Lethargy
In some cases, macadamia nut poisoning can lead to temporary paralysis in the hind legs. Dogs usually recover with proper veterinary care, but it’s best to avoid macadamia nuts entirely to prevent any risks.
Walnuts, especially black walnuts, can be dangerous to dogs. They can cause gastrointestinal upset, including:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain
Walnuts can also present a choking hazard due to their size and shape. Additionally, moldy walnuts pose an even greater risk because they may contain mycotoxins, which can cause seizures and neurological issues.
Pecans are another nut that dogs should avoid. They are high in fat, which can lead to pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in dogs. Pecans may also contain juglone, a toxin that can cause severe gastrointestinal distress, including vomiting and diarrhea. Like walnuts, moldy pecans are particularly dangerous due to the presence of mycotoxins.
While not technically toxic, almonds can be problematic for dogs. They are hard to digest and can cause blockages in the digestive system, especially in smaller dogs. Almonds are also high in fat, which can lead to obesity and pancreatitis if consumed in large quantities. Salted or flavored almonds are even worse, as the added salt and seasonings can be harmful.
Safe Nuts for Dogs ( In Moderation )
Peanuts are generally safe for dogs as long as they are unsalted, unseasoned, and free of xylitol, an artificial sweetener that is toxic to dogs. Peanut butter, a popular dog treat, is also safe in moderation, provided it doesn’t contain xylitol or excess salt.
- Good source of protein
- Rich in healthy fats
- Contains essential vitamins (B and E) and minerals (like niacin)
However, because peanuts are high in fat, they should be given sparingly to avoid weight gain and the risk of pancreatitis.
Cashews are also considered safe in moderation for dogs, provided they are unsalted and unseasoned. Cashews can be a tasty treat, but they are also high in fat and calories, so only small amounts should be given occasionally.
- Source of healthy fats
- Contains minerals like magnesium, copper, and iron
Because of their fat content, overfeeding cashews can lead to pancreatitis, weight gain, and other health issues.
Why Are Some Nuts Dangerous for Dogs?
Many nuts contain high levels of fat, which can lead to health problems like pancreatitis, especially if consumed in large amounts. Pancreatitis is a painful condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed and can result in:
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
Some nuts, like macadamia nuts, contain specific toxins that are harmful to dogs, while others, like walnuts and pecans, can become toxic if they grow mold, releasing mycotoxins that affect a dog’s nervous system.
In addition to toxicity and high-fat content, choking hazards are another risk with many nuts. The shape and size of nuts can make them difficult for dogs to chew, especially smaller breeds. Whole nuts can become lodged in the throat or intestines, leading to blockages.
How to Safely Offer Nuts to Dogs
If you decide to give your dog nuts as a treat, always follow these guidelines to ensure their safety:
- Moderation is key: Even safe nuts like peanuts or cashews should be given sparingly due to their high fat content.
- Unsalted and unseasoned: Avoid any nuts with added salt, sugar, or flavorings. Many seasonings (like garlic or onion powder) are toxic to dogs.
- Check for xylitol: Some nut products, especially peanut butter, may contain xylitol, an artificial sweetener that is highly toxic to dogs.
- Chop or grind nuts: To avoid choking hazards, especially for small dogs, consider chopping nuts into smaller pieces or grinding them.
- Observe allergies: Dogs can develop allergies to nuts just like humans. If you notice any signs of allergic reactions (itching, swelling, difficulty breathing), discontinue the nuts and consult your vet immediately.
Conclusion
Dogs can enjoy a wide range of human foods, but it’s important to be cautious and avoid feeding them anything that may cause harm. Always consult your veterinarian if you’re unsure about a specific food, especially if your dog has any pre-existing conditions or allergies.
By sticking to a balanced and nutritious diet, you'll help ensure your dog stays healthy and happy. Always prioritize dog-safe foods and monitor any new foods for signs of allergic reactions or digestive upset.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, many fruits are safe for dogs. However, always ensure they are seedless, and avoid citrus fruits and grapes.
Some raw nuts, like peanuts, are safe, but many others, like macadamia nuts and walnuts, are toxic. Always double-check before offering nuts to your dog.
Yes, dogs can eat peanut butter in moderation. Make sure it doesn't contain xylitol, a sugar substitute that is toxic to dogs.
Yes, avocados contain persin, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea in dogs. It’s best to avoid giving your dog avocados.
Nuts can be a choking hazard, and their high-fat content can lead to pancreatitis in dogs. Some nuts, like macadamia nuts, are toxic and can cause weakness, vomiting, and tremors.
Plain, unseasoned bread is safe for dogs in small amounts. However, it has little nutritional value, so it’s best as an occasional treat rather than a regular part of their diet.
Some dogs can tolerate milk, but many are lactose intolerant and may experience digestive upset. If your dog shows signs of gas, diarrhea, or vomiting after drinking milk, it’s best to avoid it.
Yes, cooked plain rice is safe for dogs and is often recommended by vets for dogs with digestive issues. It’s a good source of carbohydrates and can be mixed with lean protein like chicken.
Yes, cooked eggs are a healthy and safe source of protein for dogs. Scrambled or boiled eggs without added seasonings are a great addition to your dog’s diet.
Latest Posts
3 Health Risks of Eating Poop: How To Stop Puppy From Eating Poop Home Remedies
Puppies are cute, curious, and sometimes a little gross. One of the most common concerns for new puppy owners is how to stop puppy from eating poop home remedies. Yes, it’s a thing! But don’t worry, this odd behavior, known as coprophagia, is more common than you might think, and there are simple home remedies…
Can Dogs Eat Apple Skin? 4 Impressive Nutritional Benefits
When it comes to treating our beloved canine companions to fresh fruits, many of us wonder about the safety of feeding specific parts, such as apple skin. In this detailed guide, we will answer the question, Can Dogs Eat Apple Skin? and discuss whether it’s safe for your dog to consume. We will also explore…
Can Dogs Eat Apples? 3 Amazing Health Benefits of Apples for Dogs
As pet owners, we often find ourselves wondering about the safety of human foods for our furry companions. One such question that frequently arises is, “Can dogs eat apples?” Apples are known for their nutritional benefits in humans, but are they equally beneficial for dogs? Let’s delve into the details of this crunchy fruit and…
Can Dogs Eat Bread? 3 Shocking Risks That Show Bread Can Be Bad for Dogs
Can dogs eat bread? Is bread bad for dogs? These are common questions among pet owners. Bread is a staple in many households, and while dogs can eat bread, it should only be given in moderation and under certain conditions. Plain white or whole wheat bread is generally safe for dogs to consume, but it…
Can Dogs Eat Cantaloupe? 6 Powerful Benefits That Prove Cantaloupe Is Great for Dogs
When it comes to sharing human food with our furry friends, it’s important to ensure their safety and well-being. One common question pet owners ask is, “Can dogs eat cantaloupe?” The short answer is yes, but there are specific details and precautions you need to be aware of before offering this juicy fruit to your…
Can Dogs Eat Clementines? 8 Powerful Nutritional Benefits
Can Dogs Eat Clementines? Yes, dogs can eat clementines in moderation. These juicy, sweet citrus fruits are safe for dogs when given in small amounts. However, it’s important to ensure your furry friend doesn’t consume too much, as the natural sugars and acidity in clementines can upset their stomach. Always peel the fruit, remove the…